The Motivation of Adolescents in Preventing Gastritis Return in SMP

ABSTRACT


Introduction
Adolescence is a stage that occurs from childhood to adulthood, the age of 14 years for boys and 10 years for girls. Adolescence experiences physical changes, growth and maturity of reproductive organs, intellectual changes, social changes, and changes in personality or emotional maturity (Almatsier, 2002). Growth due to adolescents is caused by changes in physiological maturity due to puberty (Ministry of Health, 2012). Puberty focuses janh.candle.or.id ~ 91 ~ on the appearance of the ideal self. Adolescents worry about physical parts that look different. The appearance of the body becomes ideal by limiting eating foods that are high in carbohydrates. Unhealthy eating patterns such as choosing to eat instant noodles, junk food are becoming a trend for teenagers in choosing a diet. An unhealthy diet is a trigger for gastritis recurrence.
Gastritis is an increase in stomach acid that can cause friction between the walls of the stomach and small intestine, causing gastric ulcers or pain due to friction. Gastritis often occurs in middle adolescence, namely 13-15 years old because they have a bad diet (Siska, 2017). Changes in diet in adolescents increase the risk of recurrence of gastritis. Conditions of relapse can be prevented with good motivation. Motivation is an impulse of the will that causes a person to do an act to achieve certain goals (Sofyan & Uno, 2012). With strong motivation, teenagers can be too spicy (Huzaifah, 2017), The factors that cause Gastritis can increase stomach acid and irritate stomach acid, which causes inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Gastritis experiencing recurrence can be caused by emotional instability or stress. Adolescence is a time of emotional turmoil and imbalance that is involved in storms and stress. Stress in adolescents is caused by the emergence of disappointment and suffering, increasing conflict, conflict and adjustment crisis, dreams and fantasies, alienation from life and cultural norms (Gustin, 2011).
Stress has a negative effect through neuroendocrine mechanisms on the digestive tract so that you are at risk for experiencing gastritis (Prio, 2009). Teenagers need the motivation that is within themselves. Motivation is an impulse of will that causes someone to do an act to achieve a certain goal (Sofyan & Uno, 2012). Motivation is formed from within the individual and comes from outside (Sanjaya, 2010). Factors that influence motivation include personal maturity level, activity environment, education level, and facilities and infrastructure Prolonged stress triggers the emergence of gastritis because it can reduce blood flow to the gastric wall mucosa, increasing gastric wall permeability (Angkow et al., 2014). Psychological conditions/stress have an impact on adolescent anxiety, thereby increasing the risk of recurrence. Adolescents

Method
The research was conducted with a quantitative approach with a descriptive research design. The variable in this study is the motivation of adolescents in preventing the recurrence of gastritis. The time of the research was carried out on December 20, 2020 -January 04, 2021. The population in this study were all 3rd-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Karangjati, namely 286 people. The research sample consisted of 29 people who were determined using the purposive sampling technique. Collecting data using a questionnaire in the form of google form (Sugiono, 2009). Based on table 1 shows that from the data of 29 respondents, a small proportion of respondents are male as many as 5 respondents (17%) and almost all respondents are female as many as 24 respondents (83%). Of the 29 respondents, almost all of the respondents are Muslim as many as 28 respondents (97%), and a small portion of the respondents are Christian as much as 1 respondent (3%). of 29 respondents, all respondents live at home as many as 29 respondents (100%). Of the 29 respondents, almost all of the respondents lived with their parents as many as 27 respondents (93%). of 29 respondents, all respondents had received information related to the prevention of recurrence of gastritis as many as 29 respondents (100%). Of the 29 respondents, almost all of the respondents received information from TV as many as 26 respondents (90%), and a small part of the respondent's received information from newspapers as many as 3 respondents (10%). out of 29 respondents, almost all respondents who like spicy food are 28 respondents (97%), and a small part of respondents who like sour foods are 1 respondent (3%). out of 29 respondents, almost all respondents who like spicy food are 28 respondents (97%), and a small part of respondents who like sour foods are 1 respondent (3%). of the 29 respondents, most of the respondents suffered from Gastritis for <3 months as many as 20 respondents (69%), and almost half of the respondents suffered from Gastritis for >3 months as many as 9 respondents (31%). Based on the table obtained from 29 respondents, almost all respondents have strong motivation as many as 24 respondents (83%), a small portion of respondents have moderate motivation as many as 5 respondents (17%) and none of the respondents have weak motivation (0%).

Discussion
The results showed that almost all respondents, namely 24 respondents (83%) had strong motivation, a small part of the respondents, namely 5 respondents (17%) had moderate motivation and none of the respondents had the weak motivation (0%). The results showed that almost all respondents had a strong motivation in preventing the recurrence of gastritis as many as 24 respondents (83%). This is supported by general data, namely religion, place of residence, living with whom, and sources of information. Almost all respondents are Muslim as many as 23 respondents (96%), all respondents live at home as many as 24 respondents (100%), almost all respondents live with parents as many as 23 respondents (96%), and almost all respondents get information sources from TV as many as 21 respondents (88%). The first factor that influences strong motivation is religion. This is following Rika's (2016) theory, one of the preventions of Gastritis recurrence is to apply a healthy diet.
According to Islamic teachings, good eating etiquette includes eating not too full. If you are too full, it can cause stomach contents to rise and affect the performance of the stomach. Furthermore, eating should be calm and not in a hurry because it will also affect the inability to process food in the digestive system. With the teachings of Islam, then this greatly affects a person's motivation to implement a healthy diet. This can trigger a strong motivation in a person (Arikunto & Suharsimi, 2006;Notoatmodjo, 2010Notoatmodjo, , 2012. The next factor that influences strong motivation is where to stay at home and live with parents. This is following Prio's (2009) theory that the home environment can affect eating patterns (Prio, 2009). In addition, external motivation is the motivation that comes from outside such as environmental factors, family factors, and other factors (Dahlkemper, 2019). Place of residence is a factor that affects a person's motivation, someone who lives at home and with parents, of course, there is supervision from parents respondents will get direction from parents to maintain their diet, choose the type of food, set a meal schedule, if they don't do it directly from parents, respondents will get angry from their parents so that this can trigger a strong motivation to prevent recurrence of Gastritis. Furthermore, another factor that influences strong motivation is getting information sources through TV. This is supported by the theory of Lestari (2019), namely motivational factors, one of which is Audio Visual (media) motivation that arises from information obtained from intermediaries so that it encourages or inspires one's heart to do something.
TV is an electronic media that serves to provide information to the public. The existence of sources of information regarding the prevention of Gastritis recurrence from TV strongly encourages respondents to prevent Gastritis recurrence, this will influence respondents to have good motivation in preventing Gastritis recurrence.
The results of the next study showed that a small proportion of respondents had moderate motivation in preventing the recurrence of gastritis as many as 5 respondents (17%). This situation is supported by general data, namely gender, favorite food, having received hospital treatment, and longsuffering from Gastritis. All respondents are female as many as 5 respondents (100%), all respondents like spicy food as many as 5 respondents (100%), and a small proportion of respondents have never received hospital treatment as many as 1 respondents (20) and a small proportion of respondents suffer from Gastritis <3 months 1 respondent (20%).
The first factor that affects moderate motivation is being female, this is because women are afraid of being fat so they often go on a diet, are too strict, eat irregularly, besides that women are more emotional than men (Ronald, 1996in Murjayanah, 2011. Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescence will experience puberty both girls and boys, at this time will experience changes in their bodies. Adolescent girls are more focused on their ideal selfappearance compared to teenage boys, of course, teenage girls will be worried about different physical parts. This makes teenage girls limit their food -foods that are high in carbohydrates, diet, and eat irregularly. The next factor that influences moderate motivation is the favorite food, namely spicy food. This is following Huzaifah's (2017) theory, namely Gastritis is caused by irritation, infection, and irregular eating patterns such as eating too quickly, eating too late, and eating foods that are a lot of spice and spicy (Huzaifah, 2017).
The condition that is becoming a trend today is that teenagers consume spicy food, whereas teenagers do not. Pay attention to the side effects of the risk of consuming spicy food. The impact of consuming spicy food is that it can increase stomach acid, if it enters the digestive system, where the acid level is high, the acid in spicy food will increase the amount of acid in the stomach which can cause Gastritis. The next factor that affects moderate motivation is never getting treatment at home. sick and long-suffering from Gastritis. Situations like this are related to situations and conditions that are one of the factors in influencing motivation according to Lestari (2019). Circumstances that happen to someone will encourage or force someone to do something (Butar-Butar et al., 2020;Indriati, 2015;Muttaqin, 2009).
A person who has never received treatment in a hospital certainly does not have sufficient experience compared to someone who has never received treatment in a hospital, this is because if someone has already received treatment in a hospital, it must have been handled by specialist doctors, nutritionists, and nurses. (Rika, 2016;Tamsuri & A'Yuni, 2017). In addition, adolescents who experience acute gastritis usually do not understand enough to prevent recurrence of gastritis, they consider the disease to be trivial and ignore the disease. Adolescents also do not pay attention to their diet properly, this causes a person to experience a decrease in motivation in preventing Gastritis recurrence. The results of further research showed that none of the respondents had the weak motivation (0%). This situation is supported by general data that is getting information. All respondents had received information about the prevention of Gastritis as many as 29 respondents (100%). This is following the theory of (Sujanto, 2012), that extrinsic motivation is a motivation that comes from outside. Getting information is also included in extrinsic motivation. Someone who has received information about the prevention of Gastritis must have understood and understood how to prevent the recurrence of Gastritis. The increase in information can also influence a person's mindset to adopt a healthy diet. This greatly affects someone who has good motivation so that none of the respondents has a weak motivation.

Conclusion
Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that almost all respondents have a strong motivation in preventing the recurrence of Gastritis