Guidelines for Original Research (Quantitative Study)

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• Articles submitted to the JANH should not exceed 7000 words for the main text, including abstract, tables, and references. A minimum of 5000 words of the manuscript's main text will be considered an original research article. 
• Pilot or preliminary study as well as pre-experimental design are no longer considered for publication in JANH.

 

ABSTRACT

• Background: One or two sentences of background, the purpose of the study
• Methods: written in order of type of research: Research design, population, sampling technique, sampling size, inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, measured variables (dependent variable, dependent variable), research instrument, basic procedure, explanation of ethical clearance, statistical test
• Result: Frequency distribution of general and special data, analysis of statistical test data according to research objectives (OR, CI, RR, p-value, effect size, etc.)
• Conclusion: Contains research conclusions (not reading statistical results) and recommendations for research results
• Keywords: 3–6 words or short phrases allowing proper and convenient indexing.

 

INTRODUCTION

• Clearly identify the research problem, rationale, context, and international relevance of the topic.
• Provide the gap to show the significance of the study (nursing significance)
• Present the scientific, conceptual, or theoretical framework that guided the study, identifying and providing an overview of the conceptual model and/or theory where appropriate. 
• Explain connections between study variables and support those connections with relevant theoretical and empirical literature.
• Explain the connections between the scientific hypothesis, conceptual model, or theory and the study variables. 
• Objective(s): State the study's objectives as a narrative study purpose or as research questions or hypotheses to be tested at the end of the introduction. For example, ‘The aim of the study was to…’

 

 

METHODS

Methods should be structured, including: 

Study Design

Identify the specific research design used, for example, correlational, experimental, quasi-experimental, cross-sectional, and longitudinal study.

Sample/Participants

• Identify the sampling strategy/strategies used: random; stratified; convenience; purposive (state what purpose). 
• Identify the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For example, ‘The inclusion criteria were…’, ‘The exclusion criteria were…’ Explain how participants were recruited.
• Identify the sample size (and the population, if appropriate). Report the sample size calculation, or power analysis, if appropriate; if not appropriate or not undertaken, provide another type of justification for the sample size.

Instrument

• Clearly state whether you develop, adopt, adapt or modify the instrument.
• Clearly state the validity and reliability of the instrument.
• Clearly state the name of the instrument, including its citation and reference.
• Clearly state that the authors grant permission from the original authors to use or modify the instrument.
• Explain briefly the type of instrument, its scale, and how to use it.
• If translation has been required from the original language, please explain the procedures used to maintain the validity of translated tools.

Intervention (this heading is only for experimental studies)

• Explain briefly the intervention process, the setting, and those who did the intervention.
• If you have a control group, please explain what kind of intervention you do to them.

Data Collection

• Describe when and where the data were collected.
• Describe who collected the data.
• Provide information if any research assistants/enumerators/local coordinators were involved.

Data Analysis

Describe the techniques used to analyze the data, including computer software used, if appropriate. For example, ‘SPSS version X was used to analyze the data. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) techniques were used to test the hypotheses.’ 

Ethical consideration

• Identify any particular ethical issues that were attached to this research. Provide a statement of ethics committee approval. Do not name the university or other institution from which ethics committee approval was obtained; state only that ethics committee approval was obtained from a university and/or whatever other organization is relevant.
• Explain any other approvals obtained, for example, local site arrangements to meet research governance requirements. If, according to local regulations, no formal ethical scrutiny was required or undertaken, please state this.
• The complete name of the institution and approval number should be stated on the title page.

 

RESULTS

• Start with a description of the characteristics of the sample. For example: ‘The study participants ranged in age from X to Y years…’ Always include age (range and mean) and gender distribution.
• Present results explicitly for each study aim research question, or hypothesis. Indicate whether each hypothesis was supported or declined.
• Use subheadings as appropriate.
• Use figures and tables as needed, but try to limit to no more than three or four tables and one or two figures. Each figure/table should be referred to in the text, but do not repeat in the text material set out in tables. Rather, identify key points in text, and refer readers to tables for detail.
• If the table shows the statistical results, please state the name of the statistical analysis you use.

 

DISCUSSION

•  Discussion must be in relation to the conceptual or theoretical framework and existing literature. Do previous research findings match or differ from yours?
• Draw conclusions about what new knowledge has emerged from the study. For example, this new knowledge could contribute to new conceptualizations or question existing ones; it could lead to the development of tentative/substantive theories (or even hypotheses), it could advance/question existing theories or provide methodological insights, or it could provide data that could lead to improvements in practice. What readers want to know is what your work adds to this topic.
• End with study limitations including but not confined to sample representativeness and/or sample size and generalizability/external validity of the results.
• Identify implications/recommendations for practice/research/education/management as appropriate and consistent with the limitations.

 

CONCLUSION

Conclusions are made short with no numbering; conclusions simply answer the objectives or hypotheses of the study. Conclusions are written critically, meticulously, logically, and honestly on the basis of the facts obtained. There should be no more conclusion discussion and consist of only one paragraph. Suppose there is any suggestion in the conclusion. In that case, the suggestion becomes one with the conclusion (no need to create a new sub-chapter) by simply creating a new paragraph after the conclusion paragraph. Suggestions should be in accordance with the research implications and not ridiculous.)

 

AUTHORS CONTRIBUTIONS

• Contribution of each researcher in carrying out the publication.
• Author contributions using CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy)
• Duties and roles of the author in the publication process
• Example: “Author A contribution to……., Author B Contribution to…….”

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

• In this section, the authors should declare any conflicts of interest, sources of support for the work, and whether the authors had access to the study data.
• If it's not there, just give a declaration like “The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper” or “There is no conflict of interest.”

 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

• Personal acknowledgments should be limited to appropriate professionals who contributed to the paper, including providing technical help and financial or material support, and to department chairpersons who provided general support.
• Acknowledgment is given to the funding sources of study (donor agency, the contract number, the year of acceptance) and those who support that funding. The names of those who support or assist the study are written clearly. Names that have been mentioned as the authors of the manuscripts are not allowed here).
• Acknowledgments to the parties or partners who contributed to the research
• Acknowledgments if publication is part of a Research Grant

 

REFERENCES

• Authors should use reference management software (Mendeley, EndNote, Mendeley, Zotero, etc.) in writing citations and references. which are based on APA 7th Edition (American Psychological Association).

• In the reference, include the DOI or URL of the cited article
• Avoid using abstracts as references.
• Information from manuscripts submitted but not yet accepted should be cited in the text as “unpublished observations” with written permission from the source. Papers accepted but not yet published may be included as references; designate the journal and add “Forthcoming”.
• Avoid citing “personal communication” unless it provides essential information not available publicly; name the person and date of communication and obtain written permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of personal communication.
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