Guidelines for Original Research (Quantitative Study)

Articles submitted to the JANH should not exceed 7000 words for the main text, including abstract, tables, and references. A minimum of 5000 words of the manuscript's main text will be considered an original research article.
Pilot or preliminary study as well as pre-experimental design are no longer considered for publication in JANH.

Title

Abstract

(Write a structured abstract, including 4 headings: Background and Purpose, Methods, Results, and Conclusion. The abstract should not be more than 350 words)

Background: One or two sentences of background, the purpose of the study
Methods: Research design, population, sampling technique, sampling size, inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, measured variables (dependent variable, dependent variable), research instrument, basic procedure, explanation of ethical clearance, statistical test
Result: Frequency distribution of general and special data, analysis of statistical test data according to research objectives (OR, CI, RR, p-value, effect size, etc.)
Conclusion: Contains research conclusions (not reading statistical results) and recommendations for research results
Keywords: 3–6 words or short phrases allowing proper and convenient indexing.

Introduction

Clearly state the research problem, why it matters, and its global relevance.
Highlight the research gap to show why the study is important.
Outline the scientific, conceptual, or theoretical framework guiding the study.
Explain how the study variables are connected, supported by relevant theories and past research.
Describe the link between the hypothesis, conceptual model, or theory and the study variables.
Objective(s): Clearly state the study's purpose or research questions (e.g., "The aim of this study was to...").

Methods

Study Design

Identify the research design used, such as correlational, experimental, quasi-experimental, cross-sectional, and longitudinal study.

Sample/Participants

Identify the sampling strategy/strategies used: random, stratified; convenience; purposive (state what purpose).
Identify the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For example, ‘The inclusion criteria were…’, ‘The exclusion criteria were…’ Explain how participants were recruited.
Identify the sample size (and the population, if appropriate). Report the sample size calculation, or power analysis, if appropriate; if not appropriate or not undertaken, provide another type of justification for the sample size.

Instrument

Specify whether the instrument is developed, adopted, adapted, or modified.
State its validity and reliability.
Provide the instrument’s name, citation, and reference.
Confirm permission from the original authors for use or modification.
Briefly describe the instrument type, scale, and usage.

Intervention

This heading is only for experimental studies
Explain briefly the intervention process, the setting, and those who did the intervention.
If you have a control group, please explain what kind of intervention you do to them.

Data Collection

Describe when and where the data were collected.
Describe who collected the data.
Provide information if any research assistants/enumerators/local coordinators were involved.

Data Analysis

Describe the techniques used to analyze the data, including computer software used, if appropriate. For example, ‘SPSS version X was used to analyze the data. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) techniques were used to test the hypotheses.’

Ethical Consideration

State the relevant ethical issues in the research.
Confirm approval from the ethics committee, including the institution's name and approval number.
Explain any additional approvals obtained, if applicable.
If ethical approval is not required, clearly state this.

Results

Sample Characteristics: Participants' ages ranged from X to Y years, with an average age of (mean age). The sample included (number/percentage) males and (number/percentage) females.
Study Aims and Hypotheses: Present the results for each research aim or hypothesis. Indicate whether each hypothesis was supported or rejected.
Subheadings: Use clear subheadings like Demographic Information or Hypothesis Testing for easy navigation.
Figures and Tables: Limit to three or four tables and one or two figures. Refer to them in the text, but don’t repeat information from the tables. Highlight key points in the text and direct readers to the tables/figures for details.
Statistical Analysis: Mention the statistical tests used (e.g., t-test, ANOVA) when showing results in tables.

Discussion

Comparison with Existing Literature: Explain how your results relate to the theoretical framework and previous research. Do your findings match or differ from what others have found?
New Knowledge and Conclusions: Summarize what new insights your study provides. Does it challenge or support existing theories? What does your study add to the topic, and how might it impact future research or practice?
Study Limitations: Discuss the limitations, such as sample size, representativeness, and generalizability of the results.
Implications/Recommendations: Offer suggestions for practice, research, education, or management, keeping in mind the limitations of your study.

Conclusion

Conclusion: This study addressed the research objectives and hypotheses, revealing key findings about (the topic). The results support (confirm or refute the hypotheses) and provide a better understanding of (the issue).
Suggestions: It is recommended that (provide practical suggestions) to improve (practice, research, or other areas), based on the study's findings.

References

Use reference management software (Mendeley, EndNote, Zotero, etc.) for citations and references following APA 7th Edition.
Include a minimum of 20 references from reputable articles or journals, published within the last 10 years, with at least 80% from journals.
Provide the DOI or URL for each cited article.
Do not use abstracts as references.
Cite unpublished manuscripts as "unpublished observations" with written permission. Papers accepted but not yet published should be marked as "Forthcoming" with the journal name.
Avoid citing "personal communication" unless essential. If necessary, include the person's name, date, and obtain written permission.