Cesarean Delivery and Early Breastfeeding Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study of EIBF and Early Postpartum Difficulties

Authors

  • Ita Herawati Department of Midwifery, Abdi Nusantara Institute of Health Sciences, Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia
  • Budi Hermanto Department of Midwifery, Abdi Nusantara Institute of Health Sciences, Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia
  • Agnes Andika Department of Midwifery, Abdi Nusantara Institute of Health Sciences, Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia
  • Jumsinah Jumsinah Department of Midwifery, Abdi Nusantara Institute of Health Sciences, Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia
  • Lia Widiyanti Department of Midwifery, Abdi Nusantara Institute of Health Sciences, Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia
  • Ocha Gries Tika Department of Midwifery, Abdi Nusantara Institute of Health Sciences, Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia
  • Yanti Marlita Department of Midwifery, Abdi Nusantara Institute of Health Sciences, Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55018/janh.v8i1.487

Keywords:

Cesarean Section, Early Initiation of Breastfeeding, Postpartum Period, Lactation Disorders, Maternal Health

Abstract

Background: Cesarean section (CS) rates continue to increase globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Indonesia. While CS is often medically indicated, it may interfere with early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) and early postpartum lactation. However, evidence examining both EIBF and early breastfeeding difficulties within Indonesian LMIC settings remains limited.

Methods: This cross-sectional study followed STROBE guidelines and was conducted among 150 postpartum mothers within the first 10 days after delivery. Participants were recruited using consecutive sampling. Eligibility criteria included mothers aged ≥18 years, live singleton birth, and clinical stability. Data were collected using a structured Breastfeeding Initiation and Early Lactation Difficulty Questionnaire adapted from validated instruments (Cronbach’s α = 0.82). Chi-square tests were used to assess associations, with assumptions verified (expected cell count ≥5). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate effect size.

Results: CS was significantly associated with failure to perform EIBF (OR = 214.79; 95% CI: 27.90–1653.65; p < 0.001). Mothers undergoing CS were also more likely to experience breastfeeding difficulties during the first 10 days postpartum (OR = 17.26; 95% CI: 6.24–47.74; p < 0.001).

Conclusion: CS delivery is strongly associated with delayed EIBF and increased early breastfeeding difficulties. Structured post-cesarean lactation support integrated into surgical recovery protocols is recommended, particularly in LMIC settings.

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Published

2026-03-21

How to Cite

Herawati, I., Hermanto, B., Andika, A. ., Jumsinah, J., Widiyanti, L., Tika, O. G., & Marlita, Y. (2026). Cesarean Delivery and Early Breastfeeding Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study of EIBF and Early Postpartum Difficulties. Journal of Applied Nursing and Health, 8(1), 788–797. https://doi.org/10.55018/janh.v8i1.487

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Applied Nursing and Health

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Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Ita Herawati, Budi Hermanto, Agnes Andika, Jumsinah Jumsinah, Lia Widiyanti, Ocha Gries Tika, Yanti Marlita

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